DTW GED PREP

Geography played a crucial role in the historical development of ancient India by contributing to its relative isolation. The towering Himalayas to the north acted as a natural barrier, making it difficult for invaders to enter the subcontinent from that direction. To the south, east, and west, the Indian Ocean formed additional natural boundaries. This geographical isolation meant that India could only be invaded from the northwest, through what is now modern-day Pakistan. This unique positioning helped India maintain a distinct culture and civilization, despite external influences.

One of the significant groups to impact Indian culture were the Aryans, a group of Eastern Europeans who migrated into Persia and the Indus Valley around 1500 BCE. Their arrival marked a significant shift in Indian society. Historians believe that Hinduism, the predominant religion in India, is a fusion of both Indian and Aryan beliefs. Hinduism intertwines religious concepts, particularly the belief in sacrifice, with a rigid caste system that defines social roles and duties. This combination of religious practice and social structure has continued to shape Indian society throughout its history.

Another important figure in Indian history is Siddhartha Gautama, who was born into the nobility in 563 BCE. He is known to history as the Buddha, meaning “Enlightened One.” The Buddha’s teachings were a direct challenge to the existing social and religious structures, particularly the caste system. He argued that suffering and conflict arise from negative emotions like ambition, passion, and egotism. According to his teachings, eliminating these emotions could lead to spiritual peace and contentment. While Buddhism originated in India, it is today more influential in China and other parts of East Asia than in India itself.

EARLY INDIA

Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Based on the information above, it can be assumed that:
   A. Himalayan mountain passes made easy routes for invaders.
   B. The caste system, which still influences Indian society, has existed for centuries.
   C. The Buddha fought the caste system by becoming a powerful and wealthy emperor.
   D. The Aryans entered India from the east by traveling from Mongolia through Nepal.

1. Based on the information above, it can be assumed that:

✅ B. The caste system, which still influences Indian society, has existed for centuries.

🟩 Explanation:
The caste system is one of the oldest social hierarchies in the world and has been a central part of Indian society for thousands of years, originating with the arrival of the Aryans. It continues to influence social dynamics in India today.